What is the 8D problem-solving process?

8D problem-solving process

The 8D problem-solving process provides a clear, eight-step framework to correct product and process problems. Each discipline guides teams on what to do and when to do it. 8D is used across many industries, particularly automotive and aerospace.

The 8D process covers all key aspects of problem management:

• Problem description and reporting
• Stakeholder and SME management
• Containment of the problem
• Establish the facts
• Root cause analysis
• Problem correction
• Problem prevention
• Reporting and recognition

When an 8D is completed and recorded, the result is a report showing how and why a solution was reached. Some organizations require detailed Corrective Action reports from suppliers when an issue is found.

8D (Eight Disciplines) workflow

Discipline 0 (D0): Summary

Name the 8D investigation for easy identification. Then define a short, factual problem statement:

• Describe what is affected
• Describe the symptoms
• Identify potential consequences and impact

Be clear and factual; avoid opinions and non-facts.

Discipline 1 (D1): Form the team

Start with the responsible person and expand as the investigation evolves. The team should be cross-functional and include process owners and key stakeholders:

• Subject matter experts (SMEs)
• Process owners
• Customer and supplier representatives

Discipline 2 (D2): Describe the problem

Record all relevant information, clearly and objectively. Consider including:

• Customer identity
• All known facts
• Who, what, when, where
• Is / is-not lists

Discipline 3 (D3): Interim containment actions

Define immediate actions to prevent the situation from worsening. Containment is short-term and may be costly. Sometimes none is necessary. Examples:

• Notifications and communications
• Concessions and permits
• Extra product checks

Discipline 4 (D4): Root cause analysis

Perform failure analysis and investigations to determine root cause(s). Keep records of all analysis performed. Choose tools that fit the problem:

• Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram
• 5-Whys
• Root cause statement

Discipline 5 (D5): Permanent corrective actions

Identify and compare potential corrective actions. Techniques like Six Hats or random word can help ideation. Provide rationale for each option. Assess suitability and risk (FMEA):

• List possible solutions
• Select the best candidates
• Use FMEA to assess risk and pitfalls

Create an implementation plan with owners and due dates.

Discipline 6 (D6): Implement and validate

Deploy changes and monitor effectiveness. Capture data that demonstrates corrective actions are working and reference it here.

Discipline 7 (D7): Prevent recurrence

Define actions to stop the same problem recurring. Consider:

• Updating procedures and policy
• Updating standards
• Improving KPIs

Apply changes to similar products or processes where relevant.

Discipline 8 (D8): Closure and team recognition

Close the investigation and share success:

• Summarize the investigation
• Document lessons learned
• Publicize success and recognize contributors

Things to consider

• Consider using professional 8D software
• Make 8D your primary method of corrective action management and reporting
• 8D works for product problems, process issues and broader improvement opportunities